Contingency Violations Display

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The Contingency Violations Display is found at the bottom of the Contingencies tab of the Contingency Analysis dialog and is used to list the violations that were caused by the contingency selected in the Contingency Records Display.

The contingency violations display lists all of the power system elements that become violated as a result of the selected contingency. If you have selected a violation, you may click on the Show related contingencies button to view all contingencies that cause a violation on this power system element. Clicking this button automatically moves you to the Results tab and selects the appropriate power system element. You can also right-click on a violation in the list and choose Show Dialog from the popup menu to see the information dialog of the violated element. In addition to showing violations for branches, buses, interfaces, bus pairs, islands, and the system, results for Custom Monitors or Transient Models will also be displayed here. Custom Monitors are not violations, but are specific quantities that are tracked in addition to the limit monitoring.

If the contingency selected in the Contingency Records Display resulted in no violations or has not yet been processed, the Contingency Violations Display will display the words None Defined. This display is a type of Case Information Display and thus shares many characteristics and controls common to all other case information displays. You can sort the list of violations by any field simply by clicking on that field’s caption.

The Combined Tables button provides access to the Combined Tables options described in Other Contingency Actions. In addition to these options, there is one other tab for displaying What occurred. Selecting this will display a table with details of how actions were applied during the contingency.

 

The following describes some of the most common fields accessed with this display:

Category

The type of violation that occurred. If the violation is only due to the options set in Advanced Limit Monitoring, then the type will start with the word Change.

Valid categories include:

Branch Amp - branch violated due to current limit being exceeded

Branch MVA - branch violated due to MVA limit being exceeded

Bus Low Volts - bus violated due to low voltage limit being exceeded

Bus High Volts - bus violated due to high voltage limit being exceeded

Bus dV/dQ - bus violated due to dV/dQ sensitivity exceeding specified change threshold

Bus Neg dV/dQ - bus violated due to the dV/dQ sensitivity becoming negative

Bus Disconnected- bus violated due to becoming disconnected during the contingency

Nomogram MW- nomogram violated due to MW limit being exceeded

Interface MW - interface violated due to MW limit being exceeded

Custom (would show name of custom monitor) - value of specific object field being monitored. The name of the custom monitor will be shown in the Category field.

Bus Pair Angle - Added in Version 20 bus pair violated due to angle difference exceeding the angle limit

Transient- indicates that a transient model exceeded some pick-up limit. This will appear for Monitor Only models. The Element will indicate the associated model.

Unsolved -Added in Version 20 means that the entire contingency was not solved for this particular contingency

Island Unsolved - Added in Version 20An unsolved island was found during the solution. These are only created when using special Island Monitoring options.

Island Reserve Limits - Added in Version 20An island was found that did not have enough makeup generation. These are only created when using special Island Monitoring options.

Island Solved -Added in Version 20 A new island was created during the contingency. These are only created when using special Island Monitoring options.

Element

A character string that describes the element that suffered the violation or the element that is being monitored with a Custom Monitor. For violations, this can either be a branch, a bus, or an interface. For Custom Monitors, this can be any object type that can be monitored with the custom monitors.

When the element is a branch, this string provides you with three pieces of information:

Example 1: Jamie (22) -> Amy (33) CKT 1 at Amy (33)

This means that a branch connecting Jamie(22) to Amy (33) with circuit ID 1 is violated. The violation is at the Amy(33) terminal. The -> indicates that the flow on this line is from Jamie toward Amy.

Example 2: Xena (55) <- Harley (77) CKT 1 at Harley (77)

This means that a branch connecting Xena (55) to Harley (77) with circuit ID 1 is violated. The violation is at the Harley (77) terminal. The flow on this line is from Harley toward Xena.

 

For Custom Monitors, the string identifies the type of object that is being monitored, the identifier of the object that is being monitored, and the variablename of the specific field that is being monitored.

For Transient results, this identifies the model that exceeded the pick-up limit.

Value

Indicates the value of the violating quantity. For example, if the category of the violation is Branch Amp and the Value field is x, then the current on the violated element is x.

For Custom Monitors this is the value of the monitored field following the contingency.

For Transient results this is the monitored value that exceeds the pick-up limit.

Limit

Identifies the limit value that was violated. For example, if the category of the violation is Branch Amp and the Limit field is y, then the limit on the current that may flow through the element is y.

For Custom Monitors this will always be zero.

For Transient results this is the pick-up limit.

Percent

The Value for the element as a percentage of the Limit.

For some violations such as Bus dV/dQ, Bus Disconnected, Custom Monitors, Island Reserve Limits, Island Unsolved, Island Solved, and Unsolved this will always be blank. For bus change voltage violations, this will show the value relative to the reference state value.

Area Name Assoc.

Lists the areas with which the violated element is associated. If the element is a branch, Area Name identifies the area in which each of the branch’s terminal resides. If the element is a bus, Area Name identifies the area in which the bus resides. If the element is an area-to-area interface, Area Name will identify the areas that the interface ties; otherwise, it will read N/A.

For Custom Monitors, Island, and Unsolved violations this will always be blank.

Nom kV Assoc.

Identifies the maximum voltage level associated with the violated element. If the violated element is a branch, then Nom kV lists the nominal voltage of its higher-voltage terminal. If the violated element is a bus, then Nom kV simply identifies the bus’ nominal voltage. If the violated element is an interface that is made up strictly of branches, Nom kV lists the maximum nominal voltage of its terminals; otherwise, it will appear as -9999.9.

For Custom Monitors, Island, and Unsolved violations this will always be blank.

Island Results\Count of Bus, Count of Superbus, Generator MW, Load MW

Added in Version 20For special island violation reported when using Island Monitoring options , these fields will populate to show information about the island created by the contingency.

 

Scaled Results

By default violations are reported based on the rating set selected with the limit monitoring settings. The violation percentage and limit are based on the selected rating set used during contingency analysis. Scaled results provide results for what the violation and percentage are for all available limits.

Scaled Results are found in their own folder in the list of available fields with the LimitViol object type, which is the type of object shown in the Violations display. The Limit Scale field is the limit that was used when the violation was recorded. This is used with the Scaled Limit and Scaled Percent fields to show what the limit would have been using any of these limits at their present values.

Scaled Limit X= (Limit/Limit Scale)*PresentDeviceLimitX

Scaled Percent X = (Percent*Limit Scale)*PresentDeviceLimitX

 

Sensitivities\Injection Sensitivities

This folder and subfolders contain fields to show all of the available sensitivity results for each violation along with the particular injector (generator or load) associated with the sensitivity or MW flow effect on the violation when calculating Injection Sensitivities.

Sensitivity results can be reported by the following:

MW Effect Dec

This is the change in MW on the overloaded element by decreasing the injector by the total range by which it can be decreased: (MW Range Dec) * (MW Inj Sensitivity).

MW Effect Inc

This is the change in MW on the overloaded element by increasing the injector by the total range by which it can be increased: (MW Range Inc) * (MW Inj Sensitivity).

Sensitivity Max

This is the shift factor sensitivity of the injector if the sensitivity is in the group of maximum sensitivities.

Sensitivity Min

This is the shift factor sensitivity of the injector if the sensitivity is in the group of minimum sensitivities.

 

Local Menu Options

The following special options are available on the local menu of the Violations Display.

Create Contingent Interface For Selection

Selecting this option will create an interface that uses the currently selected violated element as the monitored element in an interface and the currently selected contingency as the contingent element within the interface. This option will only create an interface if the violated element is a branch. Contingent elements within the interface are only added for line outages or closures that are part of the selected contingency. Multiple contingent elements can be added to the interface.

Contingency Sensitivity Analysis

Selecting this option will open the Contingency Sensitivity Analysis tool for the selected violated element and contingency. This option will only be available for violations of branches.

Show Violation CTG Injection Sensitivities

Selecting this option will open a case information display showing the Violation CTG Injection Sensitivities for only the selected violation.