OPF Reserves Controls

See Also

 

Generators can provide the following types of reserve:

• Regulation Reserve (RR) is provided by online fast units, usually tied to AGC primary control, and capable to regulate the small positive or negative imbalances caused by the random nature of loads.
• Spinning Reserve (SR) is provided by online units and is used to take larger variations of load and losses and unexpected events.
• Supplemental Reserve (XR) is provided by online or offline fast-start units. This type of reserve is used to correct large imbalances caused by contingencies.

Spinning and supplemental reserve are positive quantities. Regulation reserve is a bidirectional control. There are two ways to model regulation controls: As two independent controls: regulation reserve up (RR⁺) and regulation reserve down (RR^-). As a single control: in this case the unit provides the same amount of regulating reserve in both directions. In order to tell Simulator whether to use a single bidirectional control for regulating reserve up or down, go to the OPF Options and Results Dialog and check the Use a Single Control for Up/Down Regulation box.

Spinning and supplemental reserves combined together provide Contingency Reserve (CR)

Contingency reserve plus regulating reserve up is called Operating Reserve (OR)

The following relations are then established:

RR⁺ + SR + XR = OR

RR⁺ +           CR = OR

Data for the reserve controls can be specified from the Generator Information dialog, the Load Information dialog, or from the corresponding case information displays accessible from the Model Explorer > Optimal Power Flow > Results > Reserve Results.