OPF Reserves Constraints

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Reserve constraints in the OPF Reserves tool are specified at the area and zone level. Overlapping constraints are handled if an area contains several zones or if a zone spans several areas. For each type of reserve specified, the total reserve of the area or zone must be equal or greater than a certain level of reserve requirement in MW:

• Operating Reserve: OR ≥ OR_REQ
• Regulating Reserve: RR ≥ RR_REQ
• Contingency Reserve: CR ≥ CR_REQ
• Some systems require that a percentage of the contingency reserve be spinning: SR ≥ %CR

Reserve requirements are input as incremental demand curves. These can be defined for both areas and zones and are described in more detail in the Area and Zone Reserve Requirement Curves topic.

The reserve requirement demand curves are specified by pairs of (MW,$/MWh) values that form a stair function. The demand curve should be monotonically decreasing, i.e., while the MW values increase, the $/MWH values should decrease.

Sometimes, ancillary services markets rules specify a single reserve requirement value and price. For instance, 300MW at $500/MWh. This requirement can be modeled by a demand curve that contains two points: 0.0 MW at 300 $/MWh, and 300 MW at 0.0 $/MWh.